Ohm’s law is I=V/R, or alternatively I*R=V or even R=V/I where “R” stands for resistance, “V” stands for voltage, and “I” stands for current in amperes. So, if your atomizers have a resistance of 0.2Ω and you plan to use them at 4.0V, you better have batteries with at least 20A.

This drops the first LED to 4.3 V, which means a 4.3 V * 0.7 = 3.01 V signal can be used to control it. The logic out of this LED will be at 4.3 V, which is enough to power the rest of the LEDs

Step down converter. Buck converter. Switching converter. DC-DC converter. Check that the input can be set to 5 V, and the output can be set to 1.5 V. Some converters have fixed input/output voltages, others can be changed. A ready made module also contains the necessary resistors/capacitors etc. Share. Cite.
Project Requirement. At the end of this project guide, we shall be able to: Design a 5V DC output voltage power supply with an input of 220V AC, an output current of 250mA, and 3% ripple factor. The power supply should have over-current and overvoltage protection features. The design should have reverse-bias protection.
So the sensor has to be operated within a range of 4.5 V to 5.5 V. Undervolting at 3.3 V might actually not destroy the sensor but may (and will per joan's answer) significantly reduce the performance. It may fail at the most unforeseen moment or simply read nonsensical values. Simple put, it is not possible to use 3.3 V to operate this sensor.
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can i use 4.5 v instead of 5v